His birthplace is unknown but some historians speculate that he was born in Kenilworth Castle, Warwickshire. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. 3). In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. He dies while sitting in a chair at Rouen, just after he hears the patriotic screams of his fellow countrymen. Duke of Bedford (named after Bedford, England) is a title that has been created six times (for five distinct people) in the Peerage of England. "The Tomb of Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, in the Muse du Louvre". ." JOHN CANNON "Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of The Duke of Bedford spent time governing from Rouen in Normandy and carried out the English establishment of control and command of the English military in France. Bedford was a capable administrator and soldier, and his effective management of the war brought the English to the height of their power in France. He died in 1435 at the age of forty-six at the siege of Rouen. 3 p. 726. . John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. . He was buried at Rouen Cathedral, Rouen, Caux, France.[3]. In the 2011 Philippa Gregory novel, The Lady of the Rivers, John features in a minor role as the first husband of its main character Jacquetta of Luxembourg. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. Brenda Honeyman's novel Brother Bedford covers his life from Henry V's death to his own. (Henry IVs parents were John of Gaunt and Blanche of Lancaster while Henry Beauforts parents were John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford). In reality, it was the Earl of Westmorland who talked down the rebels. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his wife, Anne, daughter of John the Fearless of Burgundy. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422-1432,[1][2] where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. Joan of Arc was heavily supported by Yolande of Aragon and Arthur of Brittany, neither of whom receives the credit they deserve. While negotiating the Treaty of Arras, he died at his home and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. Appears in: Henry IV, Part 1; Henry IV, Part 2; Henry V; Henry VI, Part 1. Please enable JavaScript in your browser's settings to use this part of Geni. Prince John first appears in 1 Henry IV where he fights for his father at the Battle of Shrewsbury. 11 p. 834. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted . This marriage was also childless, although Jacquetta went on to have more than a dozen children in her second marriage to Richard Woodville (later Earl Rivers). John died during the Congress of Arras at his Castle of Joyeux Repos in Rouen and was buried at Rouen Cathedral. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. In 1431, Bedford had Joan tried and executed at Rouen, then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI at Paris. Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War.Bedford was the third son of King Henry IV of England, brother to Henry V, and acted as regent of France for his nephew Henry VI. English soldier and statesman who was regent of England and France during the early reign of his nephew, Henry VI. Oxford: John Johnson, 1928), FHL book Q 929.242 W159w; FHL microfilm 1696491 it., vol. - John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of Bedford, John of Lancaster, duke of, 1389-1435, English nobleman; third son of Henry IV of England and brother of Henry V. At the death (1422) of his brother and succession of his 9-month-old nephew, Henry VI, Bedford was designated as regent of France and protector of England. He had no legitimate surviving issue. Between 1403 and 1405 grants of the forfeited lands from the House of Percy and of the alien priory of Ogbourne, Wiltshire, considerably increased his income. 19 volumes. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. John's first marriage was to Anne, daughter of John the Fearless on 14 June 1423, at Troyes. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. In 1416, Henry placed John in command of a fleet taking supplies to Harfleur, which overcame a fleet of the Franco-Genoese navy. Johns eldest brother was Henry of Monmouth who went on to become King Henry V after a dissolute youth causing his father Henry IV despair (refer to Shakespeare Henry IV Part One and Part Two for a full litany of drinking, gambling and womanising along with princely reformation). Anne died of the plague in Paris in 1432.[7]. In any event Henry of Monmouth shook boorish habits from him as soon as he became king and went off to do what medieval English nobility expected of their monarchs he went to war with someone, gained victory and land. Bolingbroke was crowned King of England, as Henry IV, on 13 October 1399. edit descriptions of this character John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford's photo gallery Georgette Heyer's novel My Lord John is the first part of a never-completed trilogy focused on him that deals with his life from when he was four to about twenty. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. He is better known in history as the First Duke of Bedford. Today, a plaque marks its former location. In addition, out of wedlock he had a daughter named Mary, who married Pierre de Montferrand (d. 1454), son of the lord of Langoiran, Soudan de la Trau, and had issue; and a son, Richard. He was appointed master of the mews and falcons in 1402, Constable of England in 1403 and Warden of the East March from 1403 to 1414. As Regent of France, he returns to his area of responsibility in an attempt to subdue the rebellions there. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435), also known as John Plantagenet, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV of England by Mary de Bohun, and acted as Regent of France for his nephew, King Henry VI. Find John Of Lancaster 1st Duke Of Bedford stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. This last is signed in two places by Herman Scheere. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford or John of Lancaster (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) of the House of Lancaster An English nobleman of the House of Lancaster was the third son of Henry IV of England and Mary of Beauchamp, brother of Henry V of England and uncle of Henry VI of England. ." The three most important surviving manuscripts of his are the Bedford Hours (British Library Ms Add 18850) and the Salisbury Breviary (Paris BnF Ms Lat. Bedford defeated the French several times, most notably at the Battle of Verneuil, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. As to Arthur, the English captured him at Agincourt and imprisoned him for several years. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford - definition of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford by The Free Dictionary The title of duke, derived from the latin dux, is the highest in the peerage and until 1448 was restricted to members of the royal family. Although Queen Isabeau agreed to cede the throne of France to Henry VI, Yolande, perceiving the threat posed to Anjou by the growing power of Burgundy, took the dissenting French court and the young Charles to the safety of Provence. The Oxford Companion to British History. Despite his military and administrative . [2] He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V.[3][4]. He was forced to raise the siege of Orleans in 1429 on account of the peasant girl. He was a grandson of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, a son of King Edward III. 1389-1435. 16 Jan. 2023 . Despite his military and administrative talent, the situation in France had severely deteriorated by the time of his death.[1]. Henry was able to capture the cities of Rouen and Caen and soon most of France was under English control. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family", "Anne, of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford, 1404?1432", Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, "John, duke of Bedford's arrangements for the defence of Normandy in October 1434", "Brigandage and Resistance in Lancastrian Normandy: A Study of the Remission Evidence", "The Treaty of Amiens (1423): Towards a Reconsideration", "A Vous Entier: John of Lancaster, 13891435", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Lancaster,_Duke_of_Bedford&oldid=1126474769, This page was last edited on 9 December 2022, at 14:50. [S16] #894 Cahiers de Saint-Louis (1976), Louis IX, Roi de France, (Angers: J. Saillot, 1976), FHL book 944 D22ds., vol. 189 related topics. This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, was born 20 June 1389 to Henry IV of England (1367-1413) and Mary de Bohun (c1368-1394) and died 14 September 1435 Rouen, Seine-Maritime, France of unspecified causes. London: Constable and Co., 1910-1911), FHL microfilm 88,003., vol. The couple were happily married, despite being childless. Information from its description page there is shown below. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Each of the brothers wanted more power than the other. John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford Born: June 20, 1389 Died: September 14, 1435 Rouen, France (Age 46) John in History John of Lancaster was born the third son of Henry Bolingbroke, eldest son and heir of John of Gaunt, third surviving son of King Edward III. Encyclopedia.com. Bedford was not as capable as his eldest brother Henry, but he was certainly an excellent commander and politician. Definitions of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, synonyms, antonyms, derivatives of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford, analogical dictionary of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford (English) Brenda Honeyman's novel Brother Bedford covers his life from Henry V's death to his own. . Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Bedford had been Governor in Normandy between 1422 and 1432, where the University of Caen was founded under his auspices. Not that this stopped Humphrey from dabbling in politics in an attempt to destabilize Johns alliances with other European magnates. There was also the small matter of Humphrey antagonizing the next most important man in the kingdom during Henry VIs minority Henry Beaufort who was the Bishop of Lincoln, a key figure on the regency council and the half-uncle of Henry IVs children. Blanche Plantagenet, of Lancaster, England, Philippa of Lancaster, Princess of England, Queen of Denmark, Sweden & Norway, Birth of John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford. The shield is surrounded with a pair of banners gules which reverse in argent with the motto repeated four times: A vous entier (To you / yours entire[ly]). John of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Bedford KG (20 June 1389 - 14 September 1435) was a medieval English prince, general and statesman who commanded England's armies in France during a critical phase of the Hundred Years' War. Pernoud, Rgine. (Incidentally, Coco Chanel was born in Saumur.). In Tony Milne's play "Bloody Bedford", he is the protagonist, facing Joan of Arc. However, difficulties mounted after the arrival of Joan of Arc, and his efforts were further thwarted by political divisions at home and the wavering of England's key ally, Duke Philip of Burgundy and his faction, the Burgundians. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The Hours were supposedly produced as a courtship present from John to his first wife Anne. [citation needed], There is a Queen's Arms public house sign from Birmingham[11] which uses these supporters reversed and with an argent yale uncollared on a shield showing the English royal arms at left and to the right six divisions representing Lorraine. Her name was Joan of Arc. Bedford appears as a man who is completely loyal to his brother in Henry V and is a main figure in the government of his nephew Henry VI. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster (= 20). He married Anne of Burgundy (1404-1432) 1423 JL in Amiens. Historically, John was only fourteen at the time of the battle, but, considering that boys were put into battle at relatively young ages, it is possible that he may have at least been on the battlefield. 2 p. 63-64. The Oxford Companion to British History. John, Duke of Lancaster led English armies against the Kingdom of Scotland while his brother fought the French in mainland Europe. He was lieutenant of the kingdom during Henry's absences in France. He was knighted on 12 October 1399 at his father's coronation, and made a Knight of the Garter by 1402. This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons. Bedford was declared regent, but concentrated on the ongoing war in France, while Gloucester acted as Lord Protector of England during his absence. Medieval Family History Unit, (Manuscript. [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), pages 123-124. His demise further weakened the stability of the English court where opposing and increasingly vociferous factions now had no one sufficiently intimidating to hold them in check. After his father's accession to the throne of England as Henry IV in 1399, John began to accumulate lands and lucrative offices. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. This may be a pun on the German Tier, i.e., beast, or on (English) tears or 'tiers' of meaning, including tierce, referring to himself as third in line to his father's throne and by now rightful king but for the baby Henry VI. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belonged to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. In the Bedford Book of Hours [7] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. In the last years of Bedford's life, the conflict devolved into a war of attrition, and he became increasingly unable to gather the necessary funds to prosecute the conflict. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1 as Duke of Bedford. London: Scott, Clevelands, Walthamstow, 1876), FHL book Q 929.242 Sco84sk., p. 170. Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 410 478 pixels. 1 p. 244 table 2 pt. Humphrey de Bohun, 4th Earl of Hereford, 12. The third son of King Henry IV, John was created duke of Bedford by his brother Henry V in 1414. Johns time in France had been successful the French might not have been his greatest admirers given his severe administration techniques- until about 1427 at which point a quiet country girl with a dodgy hair cut, a large sword and angels telling her what to do rather rained on his parade. Bedford defeated the French several times, until the arrival of Joan of Arc rallied the opposition. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. In 1988, Breton nationalists erected a statue in his honour on the site. In the former play, he is portrayed as being present at the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, when then aged 14, though no chroniclers of the time mention him.[8]. She went on to have sixteen children and the knight became the first Earl Rivers for his services to Henry VI and his queen Margaret of Anjou. Joans army took the Loire Valley and defeated the English after which she had King Charles VII of France crowned at Rheims which was against the treaty that the French had agreed to after Agincourt which saw King Henry V marry Katherine of Valois. Reprint Paris: Editions du Palais Royal, 1967-1968), FHL book 944 D5a; FHL microfilms 532,231-532,239., vol. Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford, 26. (January 16, 2023). He was an important commissioner of illuminated manuscripts, both from Paris (from the "Bedford Master" and his workshop) and England. Father of Infant; N.N. definition - John_of_Lancaster,_1st_Duke_of_Bedford. John died on 14 September 1435 at age 46 at Castle of Joyeux Repos, Rouen, Caux, France, without legitimate surviving issue. Elizabeth Woodville's right to inherit these armorial supporters would seem dubious if they belong to her mother's first husband or to his first wife. Bedford then arranged a coronation for the young Henry VI in Paris. In 1562, his grave was destroyed by Calvinists. Elizabeth Woodville suggested amendments to one of Anthonys books and may have also been a patron of Caxtons. 2 p. 514, vol. Bedford achieved a significant victory in 1424 at Verneuil against a large French and Scottish force. He appears in William Shakespeare's plays Henry IV, Part 1, and Henry IV, Part 2, as John of Lancaster, and in Henry V and Henry VI, Part 1, as the Duke of Bedford. John of Lancaster,the man with the pudding basin haircut and rather sumptuous gown on his knees in prayer, was the third surviving son of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary Bohun. Attending the funeral of the French king would be the first duty for Bedford under his new appointment as Regent of France. Although Bedford was able to maintain his brother's achievements in France for several years after his death, the situation was becoming impossible to maintain. John was the third son and he was followed by Humphrey. When the French King was unable to raise an army, Jean spent his wealth to raise one for him. John , duke of Bedford (13891435), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Oct 2007 [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/14844, accessed 1 Nov 2009]document.write(printCitationDate()). His wife died that year and, although he remarried the following year, he was clearly losing control of the situation in France. This left Humphrey at home. Chipps Smith, Jeffrey (1984). Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. [S23] #849 Burke's Guide to the Royal Family (1973), (London: Burke's Peerage, c1973), FHl book 942 D22bgr., p. 202. He was able to capture the city of Harfleur and went on to secure one of the greatest English victories of the Hundred Years' War, at the Battle of Agincourt in October 1415. He was born in 1389. . Throughout the next several years, the English, under Bedford's command, made significant gains in conquering the remainder of France. In the Bedford Book of Hours [5] these arms are shown supported by an eagle collared with a crown and a sable yale all on a gold field sewn with gold uprooted tree-stumps. It was not until 1422, upon the premature death of the king, that Bedford became a true political colossus within both England and France. William de Bohun, 1st Earl of Northampton, 6. 2 p. 548. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. She was burned for witchcraft in 1431 the French king who owed her his crown didnt lift a finger to help her. However, the date of retrieval is often important. [S15] Les Valois (1990), Van Kerrebrouck, Patrick, (Villeneuve d'Ascq [France]: P. Van Kerrebrouck, 1990), FHL book 929.244 V247k., p. 367. Bedford died during the congress of Arras in 1435, just as Burgundy was preparing to abandon the English cause and conclude a separate peace with Charles VII of France. 3 p. 173, vol. Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster, 10. He was created Earl of Kendal, Earl of Richmond and Duke of Bedford in 1414 by his brother, King Henry V. On 14 June 1423, at Troyes, he married Anne, daughter of John the Fearless. When Henry V died in 1422, Bedford vied with his younger brother, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, for control of the Kingdom. [S37] #93 [Book version] The Dictionary of National Biography: from the Earliest Times to 1900 (1885-1900, reprint 1993), Stephen, Leslie, (22 volumes. Alternatively, though equally incorrect, the arms may be her mother's used in a flattering conceit. 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